3 2 Blood Disorders

Summary

Key Points

• Blood volume imbalances such as hypovolemia and hypervolemia affect circulation and can result from bleeding or fluid overload. 1:09
• Platelets and clotting proteins normally stop bleeding, but slowed flow can cause thrombus formation that may block vessels. 4:30
• Thrombocytopenia leads to excessive bleeding, while thrombocytosis raises the risk of unwanted clot formation. 4:30
• Hemophilia and other clotting factor deficiencies cause prolonged bleeding despite normal platelet counts. 5:12
• Emboli—including clots, air, or fat—can travel through the bloodstream and cause pulmonary embolism when lodged in the lungs. 10:07
• Polycythemia increases red blood cell mass, thickening blood, stressing the heart, and raising clot risk. 17:48
• Anemia, caused by deficiencies, destruction, or abnormal shape of red cells, reduces oxygen transport and can stem from iron, B12, folate, sickle cell, aplastic, autoimmune, or mechanical factors. 27:22
• Sickle cell disease traps platelets and proteins, causing vessel blockages, and its trait offers malaria resistance. 28:03
• Chemotherapy and other treatments can suppress bone‑marrow stem cells, leading to anemia, which may be treated with erythropoietin. 38:38
• Bone‑marrow or stem‑cell transplants replace defective marrow and are performed using peripheral blood mobilization rather than invasive methods. 38:41